Click here for prior news from January 10 2024
Click here to look at earlier maps (and events) over 4000 years of history for "Israel - Deep inside the plucky country".
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The US had opened a consulate in Old Jerusalem back in 1844. But like diplomatic missions of nearly every other country, from 1966 (unofficially from May 1948 when the consul-general in Jerusalem was shot dead) until 2018 the actual US Embassy had been in Tel Aviv, a result of the ambiguous legal status surrounding Jerusalem for more than a century. Under the UN Partition Plan of November 1947, Jerusalem was to have been placed under international governance, which thus precluded it from being considered under the sovereignty of any State. But while this UN plan had been accepted by the Jews and the majority of UN countries, it had been rejected by the Arabs (and all of the surrounding Arab countries) who declared war.
The US Embassy opened at its Jerusalem location on May 14, 2018, the 70th anniversary of the creation of the modern State of Israel. On March 4, 2019, the US Consulate-General was formally integrated into the US Embassy in Jerusalem.
Australia Israel relations
In Australia in October 2018, Prime Minister Scott Morrison announced Australia was reviewing whether to move Australia's embassy in Israel from Tel Aviv to Jerusalem, and to recognize Jerusalem as the capital of Israel. On Friday 14 December 2018, Morrison announced Australia's recognition of West Jerusalem as the capital of Israel, though there were no immediate plans to move its embassy from Tel Aviv.
This recognition of West Jerusalem as the capital of Israel was reversed by the ALP Federal Government on Tuesday 18 October 2022. Foreign Minister Penny Wong stressed that Australia remained a "steadfast friend" to Israel, however its embassy would remain in Tel Aviv.
Jerusalem's history over the past century
British forces captured the city from the Ottoman Turks during World War I and maintained control under a League of Nations mandate for 30 years. In November 1947, a United Nations plan terminated the British mandate for implementation at midnight May 14 1948, and partitioned Palestine into a Jewish state and an Arab state with Jerusalem to become an international zone. While accepted by the Jews, the proposed plan never was implemented as civil war erupted. The British organized their withdrawal and intervened only on an occasional basis. When a cease-fire ended the fighting in 1949, Israeli forces held Jerusalem's western precincts while Jordan occupied the city's eastern districts, including the old city with its holy sites such as the Church of the Holy Sepulchre, the al Aqsa Mosque and the Western Wall.
Click here for more details and to see a map of the UN's original proposal. The State of Israel increased their area by almost 60% of the area that had been allocated to the proposed Arab state. This included the Jaffa, Lydda and Ramle area, Galilee, some parts of the Negev, a wide strip along the Tel-Aviv to Jerusalem road, and some territories in the West Bank, placing them under military rule. With Jordan occupying the West Bank and the Egyptian military occupying Gaza, no state was created for the Palestinian Arabs.
Israel and Jordan soon annexed the portions of Jerusalem they held, with Israel in 1950 declaring the city as its capital, but this accordingly went unrecognized by other nations. In the 1967 Six-Day War, Israel captured East Jerusalem, along with the West Bank. Israel later annexed East Jerusalem and reunified the city, again an act that has gone unrecognized by the international community while Palestinian claims remain unresolved.
Six Day War June 1967
Click here for the whole article
Abraham Rabinovich
June 05, 2007
FORTY years after the Six Day War, the consequences of Israel's extraordinary victory are yet to be sorted out. Israel was a tiny Middle Eastern backwater in 1967, with a population of 2.6 million surrounded by a hostile Arab world of 80 million. This disparity seemed to defy the natural order of things and it was a virtual consensus in the Arab world that the Jewish state would fall, sooner rather than later. In Israel itself, the enthusiasm and energy that marked the founding of the state out of the ashes of the Holocaust had been dimmed by the petty problems of getting by in a country with a massive defence burden and a lame economy.
It was the Soviet Union, for reasons never adequately clarified, that lit the fuse that would transform the region. In mid-May 1967, it declared that Israel was massing troops in the north in preparation for an attack on Syria. Israeli prime minister Levi Eshkol offered to personally tour the north with the Soviet ambassador to show it wasn't true. The ambassador declined.
There had been small-scale skirmishing between Israel and Syria over the headwaters of the Jordan and Israeli leaders had issued warnings, but there was no massing of troops. Egyptian president Gamal Abdel Nasser, the leading figure in the Arab world, felt impelled to come to Syria's aid. He moved his divisions through the Sinai desert towards Israel, ordered the removal of UN troops who had been stationed there since 1956, and closed the Straits of Tiran (which separates the Gulf of Aqaba from the Red Sea) to Israeli shipping.
Back in 1956, Nasser had blocked Israeli shipping from passing through the Straits. A short war followed with Israel capturing the whole of the Gaza Strip and the Sinai Peninsula. After the US pressured Israel to withdraw, Israel declared that if Egyptian forces would again blockade the entrance to the Gulf of Aqaba, it would consider this a "casus belli" - case of war. Israel mobilised its reserves.
Nothing happened for more than two weeks. But mobilisation had paralysed the Israeli economy and Jerusalem had to either stand down or strike. On the morning of June 5, Israeli planes, flying low to avoid radar, suddenly rose into the Egyptian skies. Within three hours, the Egyptian air force was destroyed. Soon after, the Jordanian, Syrian and part of the Iraqi air forces were gone, too.
On the third day of the war, the West Bank and Jordanian Jerusalem fell. Syria's Golan Heights followed. The Arab world was stunned, Israel euphoric. The war catapulted Israel into a new era. Brimful of self-confidence and renewed energy, it attracted Jewish immigrants from the West and more than a million from the Soviet Union. Since 1967, Israel's population has tripled to 7.1 million (of whom 1.4 million are Israeli Arabs), its gross national product has grown by 630 per cent and per capita income has almost tripled to $21,000.
A major result of the Six Day War was to persuade the Arab world that Israel was too strong to be defeated. Internalising that view, Nasser's successor, Anwar Sadat, became in 1970 the first Arab leader to declare readiness to make peace with Israel if it withdrew from all territory it had captured in the Six Day War. Israel insisted, however, on territorial changes.
It took the 1973 Yom Kippur War to persuade Israel to withdraw from all Egyptian territory and for Egypt to agree to peace without insisting on Israel's withdrawal on other fronts as well.
The Oslo accords in 1993, marking the beginning of a dialogue between Israel and the Palestinians, also enabled Jordan to make peace with Israel without being accused of betraying the Palestinian cause.
In 2000, Syria announced its readiness for peace. Though negotiations with Damascus broke down, virtually the entire Arab world now accepted the legitimacy, or at least the existence, of the Jewish state in its midst.
But increasing radicalisation has brought to the Palestinian leadership a movement dedicated to Israel's destruction. If there is an answer for Israel, it lies, as in 1967, in bold and imaginative leadership — but this time on the political playing field.
West Bank Fence
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Extract: Article by Amos Harel, Haaretz.com
July 14, 2009
Seven years after construction work began on the West Bank separation fence, the project seems to have run aground. Work has slowed significantly since September 2007. With fierce opposition coming from the United States, Israel has halted work on the "fingers" — enclaves east of the Green Line that were to have included large settlement blocs such as Ariel, Kedumim, Karnei Shomron and Ma'aleh Adumim, within the fence. The military has, in practice, closed up the holes that were to have led to these "fingers". But giant gaps remain in the southern part of the fence, particularly in the southern outskirts of Jerusalem, in the Etzion bloc and in the Judean Desert.
Since the cabinet under former prime minister Ariel Sharon first approved construction of the fence, in June 2002, the route has undergone some dramatic changes. The original route, which was inspired by Sharon, was to have effectively annexed about 20 percent of the territory of the West Bank to Israel.
In February 2005, the cabinet amended the route to include just nine percent of the West Bank. In April 2006 an additional one percent was shaved off by the government of Ehud Olmert.
In practice, however, the route encompasses only 4½ percent of West Bank land. The four "fingers" in the last map (and which Israel presented at Annapolis in November 2007) were never built, not at Ariel and Kedumim (where a "fingernail" was built, a short stretch of fence east of the homes of Ariel) — not at Karnei Shomron and Immanuel — not at Beit Arieh, nor south of that, at Ma'aleh Adumim. Instead, with little publicity, fences were put up to close the gaps closer to the Green Line, at Alfei Menashe instead of at Kedumim, at Elkana instead of Ariel and in the Rantis area instead of at Beit Arieh.
About 50,000 people in these settlements remain beyond the fence. West of Ma'aleh Adumim the wall built along Highway 1 blocks the gap in the barrier and leaves the city's 35,000 residents outside of the barrier, forcing them to pass through a Border Police checkpoint in order to reach Jerusalem.
Large gaps remain in the southern West Bank. Between Gilo in south Jerusalem and Gush Etzion are tens of kilometres of barrier, work on which was suspended due to High Court petitions. As a result access to Jerusalem from the direction of Bethlehem (now a part of the Palestinian Territories) is relatively easy — for commuters and terrorists both.
Click here for some news in Sep 2014.
A second, 30-kilometre gap in the fence, stretches from Metzudat Yehuda (Yatir) in the west to the Dead Sea in the east. The state announced during a recent High Court deliberation of a petition submitted by area Bedouin that work on the barrier there was suspended.
Defence Minister Ehud Barak is "determined to complete the security fence, despite the delays", his office said in a statement. "The minister and the military establishment are working to solve the problems delaying its completion".
Defence Ministry officials pointed out that Barak was "among the first supporters of the fence and did much to advance its construction".
Security officials claim the rate of construction depends on finding a solution to the legal issues and point out proudly that there is an unbroken barrier from Tirat Zvi in the Beit She'an Valley (in Northern Israel, just west of the Jordan River) to the southern entrance to Jerusalem, and from southern Gush Etzion (south west of Jerusalem) to Metzudat Yehuda (south east of Hebron).
East of East Jerusalem — E1 and Ma'ale Adumim
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Click here for a recent article in 2023 on E1 and Ma'ale Adumim delayed but not abandoned
Unilateral Thinking (an article in April 2006)
Click here for the full article
Finally, after years in the planning prior to 2006, construction of an Israeli police station is under way in the now infamous E1 area, 12 square kilometers, a patch of empty West Bank land that stretches from the eastern municipal boundary of Jerusalem to the settlement-city of Ma'ale Adumim, which sits across the Jerusalem-Dead Sea highway some five kilometers (three miles) to the east.
Infamous, because every prime minister of Israel for the past decade has wanted to develop E1 in order to fill in the space between Ma'ale Adumim and Jerusalem, with the intention of securing Israel's hold over the settlement and its smaller satellite communities, which together constitute the Ma'ale Adumim settlement bloc. And every US administration up until now has nixed Israeli development here, on the grounds that it would seriously hamper Palestinian territorial contiguity between the north and south of the West Bank, as well as access from the West Bank to Jerusalem, thereby undermining the viability of a Palestinian state with East Jerusalem as its capital, the only realistic formula on the table for Israeli- Palestinian peace.
Ma'ale Adumim, a settlement of 33,000 residents, has for all intents and purposes become a suburb of Jerusalem, even the Palestinians have tacitly accepted the demographic reality. The Geneva Accord, the unofficial 2003 draft of an Israeli- Palestinian final-status agreement, envisaged the settlement remaining under Israeli control. The competition is over who controls the space in between. The Palestinians reject the notion of a permanent Israeli presence in E1, and consecutive US administrations have viewed this as the red line that Israel should not cross.
Building first started in Ma'ale Adumim itself in 1975, during Yitzhak Rabin's first term as prime minister. And it was Rabin, during his second term in office, in August 1994, who formally included E1 within Ma'ale Adumim's city limits, "or order to create territorial contiguity" between the fast-growing settlement and Jerusalem, according to Benny Kashriel, Ma'ale Adumim's mayor for the past 14 years. That Rabin term produced a general master plan for the area (the term E1 is short for East 1, as the parcel of land was marked on old Jerusalem area zoning maps). In 1997, prime minister Benjamin Netanyahu's cabinet commenced procedures to authorize the allocation of the land to built on, and the Housing Ministry started work on detailed plans. Netanyahu's successor, Ehud Barak, supported the project, according to Kashriel, and the bureaucratic process for the approval of the plans got underway.
Gaza Strip
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Israeli Gaza Strip Barrier
Wikipedia
The Israel and Egypt — Gaza Strip barrier is a separation barrier first constructed by Israel in 1994 between the Gaza Strip and Israel. An addition to the barrier was finished in 2005 to separate the Gaza Strip and Egypt. The fence runs along the entire land border of the Gaza Strip. It is made up of wire fencing with posts, sensors and buffer zones on lands bordering Israel, and concrete and steel walls on lands bordering Egypt.
Background: The Gaza Strip borders Egypt on the south-west and Israel on the south, east and north. It is about 41 kilometres long, and between 6 and 12 kilometres wide, with a population of about 2 million people. The shape of the territory was defined by the 1949 Armistice Agreement following the creation of Israel in 1948 and the subsequent war between the Israeli and Arab armies. Under the armistice agreement, Egypt administered the Strip for 19 years, to 1967, when it was occupied by Israel in the 1967 Arab-Israeli War.
In 1993, Israel and the Palestinian Liberation Organisation signed the Oslo Accords establishing the Palestinian Authority with limited administrative control of the Palestinian territories. Pursuant to the Accords, Israel has continued to maintain control of the Gaza Strip's airspace, land borders and territorial waters. Israel started construction of the first 60 kilometres long barrier between the Gaza Strip and Israel in 1994, after the signing of the Oslo Accords. In the 1994 Interim Agreement on the West Bank and the Gaza Strip, it was agreed that "the security fence erected by Israel around the Gaza Strip shall remain in place and that the line demarcated by the fence, as shown on the map, shall be authoritative only for the purpose of the Agreement" (ie. the barrier does not constitute the border). The barrier was completed in 1996.
The barrier was largely torn down by Palestinians at the beginning of the Al-Aqsa Intifada in September 2000. The barrier was rebuilt between December 2000 and June 2001. A one-kilometre buffer zone was added, in addition to new high technology observation posts. Soldiers were also given new rules of engagement, which, according to Ha'aretz, allow soldiers to fire at anyone seen crawling there at night. Palestinians attempting to cross the barrier into Israel by stealth have been shot and killed.
Hamas, a US-designated terrorist organisation, came to power in Gaza through elections held in 2006. It has since imposed authoritarian rule over the territory, clashing with the more moderate Fatah party — which runs the Palestinian Authority that controls parts of the West Bank — and losing much of its popularity.
October 2023
Israeli Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu said his country was at war with Hamas after the militant group’s forces poured across the border from Gaza on Saturday October 7, killing over 1,000 residents and capturing over 200 hostages.
News since June 15 2024
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Weekend Australian
Fatima Abdulkarim, Dov Lieber and Abeer Ayyoub, WSJ
Saturday June 15 2024
Gaza’s war-weary population is growing increasingly frustrated with the fruitless cycles of ceasefire talks, as a new poll of Palestinians shows support for Hamas dwindling in the enclave. Months of diplomacy between Israel, Hamas and mediators from the US, Egypt and Qatar have failed to produce agreement even on the outline of a deal that would stop the fighting and free Israeli hostages in Gaza. The back and forth, as the death toll from the war mounts and the humanitarian situation in the Gaza Strip deteriorates, is fuelling unprecedented public discontent in Gaza with the militant group that seized power there almost two decades ago.
“Hamas drove the bus to the edge and lost control,” said Omaima Abu Eida, a 58-year-old Gaza resident. “They are not negotiating for us, they are negotiating to stay in power after all this devastation.” Fadi Awad, 32, an electrician and father of five living in a tent in central Gaza, said he was fed up with the negotiations and that Hamas was out of touch. “We hear positive talks, then pull back, then breakthrough, then it all falls apart and with it, our lives,” Awad said. “Our leaders, Hamas, the Arabs, they watch us on TV from their hotels,” he added. “[They] do not know what it’s like to run for your life, hungry and barefoot.”
Support for Hamas as rulers in Gaza has fallen to 46% from 52% over the past three months, according to a survey of more than 700 residents of the enclave. In the West Bank, the trend is reversed, with 71% of Palestinians surveyed supporting Hamas’s continued rule in Gaza, up from 64% in the previous poll, by the Palestinian Center for Policy and Survey Research. Hamas didn’t respond to a request for comment.
The Hamas military leader in Gaza, Yahya Sinwar, is calculating that more fighting and more Palestinian civilian deaths work to his advantage, messages he has sent to ceasefire mediators and Hamas colleagues show.
The survey took place at the end of May, before an Israeli operation to rescue four hostages left 274 Palestinians dead and 700 injured at the weekend, according to Palestinian health authorities. The Israeli military said about 100 Palestinians were killed or wounded, including Hamas militants and civilians caught in the crossfire. In response to the rescue operation, Hamas has hardened its negotiating stance, adding new terms that Israel can’t accept to an Israeli proposal presented by President Biden almost two weeks ago.
The militant group said in a statement late Wednesday that it had shown the “required positivity” to reach an agreement that “meets our people’s just demands, including a permanent ceasefire, complete withdrawal from the territory, return of displaced people, reconstruction and a serious prisoner exchange deal.” US national security adviser Jake Sullivan said Thursday that Hamas hadn’t accepted the proposal but instead had responded with an amended proposal. “Our goal is to figure out how we work to bridge the remaining gaps to get to a deal,” he told reporters ahead of the G-7 summit in Italy.
Israel and Hamas have haggled for months over fundamental differences in a familiar playbook that has ended each time in a collapse of talks. Hamas wants a permanent stop to the war and withdrawal of Israeli forces in exchange for the hostages it is holding in Gaza. Israel has said it won’t leave Hamas intact in the enclave and needs its hostages back before the war is declared over.
“People in Gaza have lost faith in Hamas, including many of the movement’s supporters. But people hate Israel more,” said a resident of the enclave. “Following Hamas’s latest response, there is now unprecedented discontent and frustration within Gaza,” Nazir Majali, an Israel-based analyst with Arabic newspaper Asharq Al-Awsat, said Thursday. “The population is increasingly critical of the movement’s leadership, describing its actions as unwise and irresponsible towards the suffering and pain of Gaza’s residents.”
Hamas has typically cracked down on public dissent in peacetime. But with Hamas personnel largely gone from the streets, public criticism of the group inside Gaza is growing, including on social media. At the same time, fear of retribution from Hamas for voicing criticism of the group is diminishing, locals say. Nu’man Hamouda, a 23-year-old accountant, said he has lost nine relatives, several friends, his job and home during the war. “If Hamas and Abbas heard our screams they will be the ones to end this now, unite and say they surrender,” he said, referring to Mahmoud Abbas, president of the Palestinian Authority.
Despite Hamas’s waning popularity in Gaza, the latest poll found that it is still by far the most popular Palestinian political party in Gaza and the West Bank. More than two thirds of those polled said they supported the Oct. 7 Hamas-led attacks on Israel. The researchers said that support for the attacks “does not necessarily mean support for Hamas and does not mean support for any killings or atrocities committed against civilians.” The backing comes from the belief among 80% of those questioned that the attacks brought global attention to the Palestinian cause, the researchers said.
The attackers from Gaza on Oct. 7 killed 1200 people in Israel, mostly civilians, according to Israeli authorities. The current level of public criticism of Hamas is unprecedented, stemming from the perception that Hamas is detached from the everyday suffering of Gazans, said Mkhaimar Abusada, associate professor of political science at Al-Azhar University in Gaza and now based in Cairo. While polls show Hamas continues to enjoy popularity among Palestinians in general who see the group as having revived their cause on the global stage, wartime polls don’t really capture the strength of feeling against Hamas among Gazans, Abusada said. “Maybe 80% of Palestinians in the West Bank and diaspora love Hamas, something that gave them honour or dignity, but for someone who lives in Gaza and is paying the price, it’s a totally different story,” he said.
Israeli Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu, who is seeking to preserve his coalition and drum up support in his cabinet for a deal, has said that Israel’s reading of the plan presented by Biden is that it would allow Israel to fulfil its goal of destroying Hamas’s government and military capabilities. Those statements have led Hamas and many in Israel to believe Netanyahu isn’t serious about the proposal, which Biden presented as leading to a permanent ceasefire.
An organisation representing a majority of families with relatives held hostage in Gaza said it saw Hamas’s recent response to the ceasefire proposal as a step toward the deal’s acceptance. Polls show a majority of Israelis prefer a deal to release hostages and end the war over continuing hostilities against Hamas.
In Gaza, according to the United Nations, over 1.7 million people are displaced and over a million are facing “catastrophic levels of food insecurity.” Much of the pre-existing healthcare system is either completely or partially out of service, and since early May, thousands of patients who need to be evacuated from the strip for emergency healthcare have been unable to leave, the U.N. said. More than 37,000 Palestinians have been killed in Gaza since the start of the war, most of them civilians, according to Palestinian health authorities. The figure doesn’t specify how many were combatants.
- Saleh al-Batati and Ken Thomas contributed to this article.
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New York Times
Patrick Kingsley and Adam Rasgon reporting from Jerusalem
Tuesday June 18 2024
Thousands of Israelis took to the streets of Jerusalem on Monday to call for elections and the immediate return of hostages held in Gaza in a demonstration that followed Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu’s recent decision to dissolve his war cabinet. Last week, two relatively moderate members resigned from the emergency war cabinet Mr Netanyahu formed in the wake of the Oct 7 Hamas-led assault on Israel, citing differences over the conduct of the war against Hamas in Gaza. Far-right members of Mr. Netanyahu’s coalition called on him to appoint them to the war cabinet, but on Sunday, the prime minister communicated to ministers at a wider cabinet meeting that he was dissolving the body instead.
The Israeli military said on Monday that it had paused operations during daylight hours in parts of southern Gaza, as a new policy announced a day earlier appeared to take hold amid cautious hopes that it would allow more aid to reach residents of the beleaguered territory. Aid workers said they hoped that the daily pause in the Israeli offensive would remove one of several obstacles to delivering aid to areas in central and southern Gaza from Kerem Shalom, an important border crossing between Israel and Gaza. Despite the pause, aid agencies warned that other restrictions on movement, as well as lawlessness in the territory, made food distribution difficult. The policy applies only to a seven-mile stretch of road in southern Gaza, and not to areas in central Gaza to which hundreds of thousands of displaced Palestinians have fled since the Rafah invasion began.
When Israel invaded Rafah in early May this year, the move led to the closure of the lone supply route between Egypt and Gaza, at Rafah, and it hindered aid groups’ ability to distribute food and other aid delivered from Israel and bound for southern and central Gaza. Though aid groups had stockpiled food and other supplies before the Israeli push into Rafah, six weeks of fighting there have prompted concerns about hunger in southern Gaza, even as fears of a famine ebbed in the territory’s north.
“Before Rafah, we had free access to Kerem Shalom basically all day, every day,” said Scott Anderson, the deputy Gaza director for UNRWA, the lead United Nations agency for Palestinians. “Now we still have access, it’s just a little more nuanced and difficult to get there,” he added, citing frequent gunfire and explosions in areas traversed by aid trucks, including three times recently when convoys recently came within roughly 100 yards of fighting. “What we had asked for was windows to access Kerem Shalom without having to coordinate so closely with the I.D.F. — to be able to come and go, and the trucks to come and go, with more freedom,” said Mr. Anderson, using the initials of the Israel Defense Forces.
That led to the new Israeli policy of avoiding combat in daylight hours.
The military said on Monday that it had killed more than 500 combatants in Rafah, severely reducing the capacity of two of Hamas’s four battalions in the city. The remaining two battalions were operating at a “medium level,” the military said. Though humanitarian groups welcomed the pause, they said that far more still needed to be done.
Israeli strikes have damaged supply routes in Gaza, hindering the passage of convoys, and crowds of desperate Gazans often intercept trucks in search of food. Cash shortages have prevented many civilians from buying food brought into Gaza by commercial convoys. And as summer approaches, there is a rising need for more clean drinking water, Mr. Anderson said.
In recent weeks, Israel has allowed aid groups far greater access to northern Gaza, where fears of famine were once highest, opening up more access points to the north. But aid groups say that sanitation and health care are still highly inadequate in northern Gaza, even if food supplies have improved.
“We were driving through rivers of sewage everywhere,” said Carl Skau, the deputy director of the World Food Program, an arm of the United Nations that distributes food in Gaza. “We really flooded the place with ready-to-eat food commodities,” he added. “But this progress needs to be sustained and frankly we need to diversify.”
Aaron Boxerman contributed reporting.
Netanyahu says intense fighting against Hamas is ending but war to go on
Reuters
Report by Ari Rabinovitch; Edit by Angus MacSwan
Sunday June 23 2024
JERUSALEM: Israeli Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu said on Sunday that the phase of intense fighting against Hamas in the Gaza Strip was coming to an end but that the war would not end until the Islamist group no longer controls the Palestinian enclave. Once the intense fighting is over in Gaza, Netanyahu said, Israel will be able to deploy more forces along the northern border with Lebanon, where fighting with Iran-backed Hezbollah has escalated.
"After the intense phase is finished, we will have the possibility to move part of the forces north. And we will do this. First and foremost for defensive purposes. And secondly, to bring our (evacuated) residents home," Netanyahu said in an interview with Israel's Channel 14. "If we can we will do this diplomatically. If not, we will do it another way. But we will bring (the residents) home," he said.
Many Israeli towns near the border with Lebanon have been evacuated during the fighting.
Asked when the phase of intense fighting against Hamas will come to an end, Netanyahu answered: "Very soon." But the military will still operate in Gaza. "I am not willing to end the war and leave Hamas as it is," he said.
Netanyahu also reiterated his rejection to the idea that the West Bank-based Palestinian Authority run Gaza in place of Hamas.
Israel’s Benjamin Netanyahu casts Gaza action as war on evil
Adam Creighton, The Australian
Thursday July 25, 2024
Clockwise from top: Benjamin Netanyahu addresses a joint sitting of congress on Wednesday. Rashida Tlaib, the only Palestinian-American member of congress, makes her views known; Pro-Palestinian protesters and police clash at Washington’s Union Station; and an effigy of the Israeli Prime Minister is torched near the US Capitol. AFP
Israeli Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu delivered a powerful and eloquent defence of his nation’s actions in Gaza before a largely rapt US congress on Wednesday (Thursday AEST), blasting the International Criminal Court, pro-Palestine protesters, and proposing a new NATO-like alliance to combat Iran. Ahead of planned meetings with Vice-President Kamala Harris, the Democratic Party’s presumptive presidential candidate, Joe Biden and Donald Trump, Mr Netanyahu cast the nine-month old bloody war, which Gazan authorities say has killed almost 40,000 people, as an existential battle between good and evil.
“In the Middle East, Iran and its axis of terror confront America, Israel and our Arab friends; this is not a clash of civilisations, it’s a clash between barbarism and civilisation,” he said. “For the forces of civilisation to triumph America and Israel must stand together, because when we stand together something very simple happens, we win, they lose,” he added, in a one- hour address than began at 2pm (4am Thursday AEST).
In a packed congressional chamber that gave several standing ovations and rounds of applause, Mr Netanyahu denounced critics of the Gaza campaign as “useful idiots” of Iran who were in effect siding with “evil, rapists and murderers”. “These protesters stand with them they should be ashamed of themselves,” he said, rattling off statistics to argue Israel was not starving Palestinians, and had produced the lowest ratio of combatants to non-combatants in the history of urban warfare.
Mr Netanyahu arrived in Washington two days earlier to a US polity in convulsions after President Joe Biden announced he would abandon his re-election campaign in favour of his deputy, Ms Harris, and a week after former president Donald Trump was almost killed in an assassination attempt. Dozens of Democrats were absent from the chamber, reflecting a deep rift within the ruling party over support for Israel, including Ms Harris, who pro-Israel forces worry would take a tougher line on the US military and financial support for Israel should she prevail in the November presidential election.
Mr Netanyahu’s widely anticipated speech, his fourth before what he called “the citadel of democracy”, included effusive praise for outgoing president Mr Biden and Mr Trump, whose successive administrations have provided critical financial support to Israel. “I know that America has our back … I thank you for it. All sides of the aisle. Thank you, my friends,” he said.
During the address, Representative Rashida Tlaib, the first Palestinian American in congress, held up a sign labelling Mr Netanyahu a “war criminal” and accusing him of “genocide.” Meanwhile, the atmosphere was charged outside the Capitol, with more than 5000 pro-Palestinian protesters making their presence felt.
Demonstrators clashed with police, who struggled to contain thousands of protesters. The scene was marked by fiery displays, including signs branding Mr Netanyahu a war criminal, the burning of effigies, and the defacement of statues with anti-Israel slogans such as “Hamas is coming”.
Former House of Representatives speaker Nancy Pelosi, another notable absentee from the speech, later blasted the Israeli leader on social media for allegedly refusing to engage in good-faith ceasefire talks with the terrorist group Hamas, which with fellow militants Palestinian Islamic Jihad, killed nearly 1200 people, mostly civilians, on October 7 last year. “This was by far the worst presentation of any foreign dignitary invited and honoured with the privilege of addressing the congress of the United States,” she said.
Mr Netanyahu, 74, in casting Iran as the ultimate source of instability in the Middle East, proposed an “Abraham Alliance” between Israel, the Middle East and potentially other Arab nations along the lines of NATO, which emerged after World War II to counter the Soviet threat. “If you remember one thing, one thing from this speech, remember this: Our enemies are your enemies,” Mr Netanyahu said. “Our fight is your fight. And our victory will be your victory.”
Amid growing criticism of how Israel has handled the war, Mr Netanyahu said Israel did not wish to resettle the Gaza Strip, hoping “a new Gaza could emerge” if Hamas were defeated and the currently Hamas-controlled strip “demilitarised and deradicalised”.
Wednesday’s address made Israel’s longest-serving prime minister the first foreign leader to address a joint meeting of congress four times – pulling ahead of Britain’s Winston Churchill.
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Further Comment, Adam Creighton
“Don’t they know that the land of Israel is where Abraham and Isaac preached, where David and Solomon ruled,” he said. His claims were all disputed but it didn’t matter: he had the most powerful parliament in the world in thrall.
Echoing first the words spoken by Franklin Roosevelt after the Japanese attack on Pearl Harbor, Netanyahu then declared October 7 to be the equivalent of “9/11”, and was “a day that will live in infamy”. He movingly revealed he authorised the daring rescue of Noa Argamani, whose capture by Hamas terrorists became one of the most poignant images of that horrific day, and three other hostages, only after he met her dying mother, who told him she wished to hug her daughter one last time.
Pushing back against critics who cast Israel as an “apartheid state”, he had brave, gravely wounded Israeli soldiers in the audience stand up: an Ethiopian Jew who ran 13km to fight Hamas on that day, a Bedouin Muslim Israeli who lost his leg, and a tank commander who lost his arm and sight in one eye.
The only valid criticism of the speech might be the lack of a single mention of the various ceasefire proposals and peace deals the Biden administration has been furiously working on for months.
At 74, Netanyahu remains at the peak of his powers, however dim his electoral prospects back home. Even if he loses office over his handling of the war in Gaza, he will go down as the most influential Israeli politician since the nation’s founding in 1948.
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Cameron Stewart, The Australian
Thursday August 1 2024
Haniyeh died early Wednesday morning (local time)
One by one, Israel is picking off the terrorist leaders in Iran’s Axis of Evil.
In doing so, it is sending a chilling message to those who command Iran and its terror proxies like Hamas and Hezbollah that if they order the murder of innocent Israelis, there is nowhere to hide. One day, when they least expect it, an Israeli drone, an assassin’s bullet, or a bomb will have their name on it.
The brazen assassination of Hamas’ political leader Ismail Haniyeh in Tehran — the most senior Hamas leader to be killed since October 7 — came just a day after Israel said it killed Hezbollah’s most senior military official, Fuad Shukr, in a drone strike in Beirut. No-one should mourn the loss of these two killers.
Each of these men had directly ordered the deaths of innocent Israelis. Haniyeh was wanted by the International Criminal Court for his role in Hamas’ October 7 attack on Israel, including “extermination, murder, taking of hostages, rape and sexual assault in detention”.
Israel says Hezbollah’s Shukr was the commander responsible for the horrendous strike in the Golan Heights last weekend which killed 12 children and teenagers playing soccer. He was also wanted by the US for his role in the 1983 bombing attack that killed roughly 300 American and French soldiers in Beirut.
Targeted assassinations like these are notoriously difficult to carry out and they show how successful Israel’s intelligence network, including Mossad, have been in drawing targets on the backs of those responsible for October 7 and its aftermath. The death of Haniyeh was a coup in itself, but the manner of his killing — when he was among his fellow terror leaders in Tehran after attending the inauguration of Iran’s new president — was calculated to send the message to Iran and its proxies that no one is safe.
Just before he was killed in a ‘raid’ in Tehran the 62 year old Haniyeh was seen mingling with Hezbollah’s deputy leader Sheikh Naim Qassem and the leader of Palestinian Islamic Jihad, Ziyad Al-Nakhalah. He also had a face-to-face meeting with Iran’s new president Masoud Pezeshkian and its supreme leader, Ayatollah Ali Khamenei. The fact that Haniyeh was then assassinated in the same city, among them all, will surely make the others wonder if they could be next.
The death of Haniyeh is a major blow to Hamas, because he was the international face of the terror group and was the leading negotiator in the deliberations with Israel over the plan for a ceasefire and the release of Israeli hostages in Gaza. It was Haniyeh who had repeatedly delayed these negotiations with absurd demands and it was he who was primarily responsible for the repeated failure to strike a deal.
Under the secretive and complex leadership structure of Hamas, Haniyeh was one of the group’s three top commanders. The others, who are also wanted by the ICC for war crimes are Hamas’s military leader, Muhammad Deif, and its leader in Gaza, Yahya Sinwar. Israel attempted to kill Deif in Gaza earlier this month and although Hamas claims he survived the bombing, his fate remains unclear.
Haniyeh was close to the spiritual founder of Hamas in Gaza in 1973, Sheikh Yassin (1936-2004), and rose through the ranks of the organisation, first becoming leader in Gaza, before taking on overall leadership of the group’s political wing in 2017. His death has further complicated hopes for an agreement on a ceasefire and hostage deal between Israel and Hamas, brokered by third parties in Qatar.
Haniyeh’s assassination will not be the end of Hamas, there are always new leaders to take his place, and it may not make the terror group any more likely to put down its arms. But it does send the message that those Hamas leaders who sanction the killing of innocent Israelis and support using Palestinian civilians in Gaza as human shields, will pay a price for their murderous behaviour.
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Same Day
Extract
IDF takes out Hezbollah chief
Jared Malsin, Adam Chamseddine, The Wall Street Journal
BEIRUT—Israel said it killed one of Hezbollah’s top military leaders in an airstrike in Beirut intended as retaliation for a Saturday attack on the Israel-controlled Golan Heights that killed 12 young people, a response that came amid fears of a widening war in the Middle East. The strike on Fuad Shukr, the highest-ranking leader of the group to be killed in years, risks sharply escalating tensions between Hezbollah and Israel. Hezbollah didn’t immediately say whether Shukr had died in the strike.
The Israeli strike comes at a dangerous moment in Israel’s nine-month conflict with Hamas in the Gaza Strip, following that group’s Oct. 7 attacks in southern Israel. During the conflict, Israel and Hezbollah have regularly exchanged fire across the Israel-Lebanon border, and the strike on Tuesday was the second time during the war that Israel has targeted Beirut, the Lebanese capital. An Israeli airstrike killed a senior Hamas leader in Beirut in January.
The strike also killed three civilians including a woman, a girl, and a boy, and wounded 74 others, according to the Lebanese health ministry. First responders who rushed to the scene transported the wounded to Beirut hospitals. The Israeli military announced Shukr’s killing. “While we prefer to resolve hostilities without a wider war, the IDF is fully prepared for any scenario,” Israeli military spokesman Daniel Hagari said, referring to the Israel Defense Forces. The Israeli military called the attack “a targeted strike in Beirut, on the commander responsible for the murder of the children” in the Golan Heights and other Israeli civilians. “Hezbollah crossed the red line,” Israeli Defense Minister Yoav Gallant said in a social-media post after the strike.
Shukr was previously sanctioned and designated a terrorist by the US government. He played a role in the 1983 bombing of the US Marine Corps barracks in Beirut that killed 241 American personnel, and aided Hezbollah forces fighting rebels in Syria, according to a Justice Department notice offering a $5 million reward for information about him.
The strike, just before sunset on Tuesday (local time) produced an explosion in the Haret Hreik neighborhood in Beirut’s southern suburbs where Hezbollah has broad influence, according to Lebanon’s official National News Agency. The wailing of sirens could be heard miles from the blast. Young men wearing surgical masks stood at barricades blocking access to area hospitals.
Lebanon’s prime minister, Najib Mikati, denounced the strike, saying, “This criminal act that took place tonight is one in a series of aggressive operations that are killing civilians in clear and explicit violation of international law.”
Israel and the US have accused the Iran-backed Hezbollah of carrying out Saturday’s strike in Majdal Shams, a community of the Druze religious minority, which also wounded about 40 people. Hezbollah said it had nothing to do with the deaths in Majdal Shams, but claimed responsibility for other attacks in the area on the same day, including launching a rocket at an Israeli military site a few miles from the strike scene.
While all sides have indicated they aren’t interested in an all-out war, the continuing fighting and Tuesday’s strike raise the risk of a miscalculation that could result in a wider conflict. Before Tuesday’s strike, the Biden administration had scrambled to calm tensions following the Golan Heights attack, hoping for an Israeli response that would send a strong signal to Hezbollah but not spark a wider war. US officials had reached out to their counterparts in Israel and Lebanon, as well as other Arab countries, and traded indirect messages with Iran to try to de-escalate the situation, said Arab and European officials familiar with the matter.
A US official said Israel gave Washington indications ahead of time about the strike, including the location, the fact that it would target a person and that it would be “limited in scope.” Hagari, the Israeli military spokesman, said the Israeli armed forces had been in continuous dialogue with the US, including the American military’s Central Command, “from the start of the war and certainly tonight.”
The Lebanese government had communicated that a strike on Beirut would cross a red line, and diplomats trying to avoid a wider conflict worried that the situation would escalate after the Israeli strike. The challenge facing Israel before Tuesday’s strike was to calibrate a response that would punish Hezbollah and satisfy the Israeli public, while avoiding crossing a line that would lead to full-scale war on an additional front, amid the war in Gaza. Fighting between Israel and Hezbollah had continued earlier Tuesday, and an Israeli man was killed as a result of a strike on northern Israel.
Any full-blown war between Israel and Hezbollah could come at a high cost to both sides in terms of death and destruction. During their previous war, in 2006, Israel bombed Beirut’s civilian airport and other infrastructure.
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Staff writers and agencies, The Australian
With AFP
Tuesday August 13 2024
Israel has put its military on “peak alert” amid reports Iran could attack Israel within the next 24 hours.
The Israeli Defence Forces moved to high alert for the first time this month after observing preparations by Iran and Hezbollah to launch a strike, the Wall St Journal reports, while Middle East sources told Fox News the strike could come in hours. The White House says it shares Jerusalem’s assessment that Iran could launch a “significant” attack this week.
“We have to be prepared for what could be a significant set of attacks,” National Security Council spokesman John Kirby told reporters. “We share the same concerns and expectations that our Israeli counterparts have with respect to potential timing here – could be this week,” he added.
In Israel, IDF spokesman Daniel Hagari said the Israeli Air Force has increased its patrols over Lebanon, “to detect and intercept threats. We view the statements of our enemies seriously, and are therefore prepared at the highest level of readiness for defence and attack,” he said.
“We are in the days of vigilance and readiness, the threats from Tehran and Beirut may materialise and it is important to explain to everyone that readiness, preparedness and vigilance are not synonyms for fear and panic,” said Yoav Gallant, Israel’s Defence Minister.
US President Joe Biden and the leaders of France, Germany, Italy and Britain urged Iran to “stand down” its threats of an attack. “We called on Iran to stand down its ongoing threats of a military attack against Israel and discussed the serious consequences for regional security should such an attack take place,” the leaders said in a statement.
Hezbollah has fired dozens of rockets from Lebanon into northern Israel, calling it retaliation for Israeli attacks last week. However Iranian President Masoud Pezeshkian has continued to insist his country has “the right to respond” to any aggression, after the killings of Hamas political chief Ismail Haniyeh and Hezbollah commander Fuad Shukr.
After German Chancellor Olaf Scholz urged de-escalation in a phone call with the Iranian leader, Mr Pezeshkian said: “While emphasising diplomatic solutions to issues, Iran will never give in to pressure, to sanctions and to bullying and considers it has the right to respond to aggressors in accordance with international norms,” according to a statement published by official news agency IRNA.
Speculation grew over the weekend that an attack from either Iran or Hezbollah would come on Tisha B’av, an annual fast day in Israel on which Jews commemorate the destruction of two temples by the Babylonian and Roman empires. An attack on Tisha B’av, which falls today, would be of symbolic significance to Israel’s major regional enemy.
US Central Command announced on Monday (AEST) the US is rushing an aircraft carrier strike group and a guided missile submarine to the region with US Defence Secretary Lloyd Austin telling Mr Gallant he had ordered the USS Abraham Lincoln Carrier Strike Group, which is equipped with F-35C jet fighters, to move more quickly to the region, where it would add to the capabilities of the USS Theodore Roosevelt Carrier Strike Group already in the Middle East.
Meanwhile Saudi Arabia and Jordan have reiterated their warning that Tehran must not use their airspace to launch an attack, advising that they will shoot down any “foreign objects” to pass through.
It came amid a growing rift in Israel’s cabinet, with Benjamin Netanyahu accusing Mr Gallant of using “anti-Israel narrative” as the Israeli news media reported Mr Gallant disparaged Netanyahu’s goal of “total victory” over Hamas as “gibberish”.
After the Ynet news website reported Mr Gallant’s remarks, the Prime Minister’s office said in a statement: “When Gallant adopts the anti-Israel narrative, he harms the chances of reaching a hostage release deal. Israel has only one choice: To achieve total victory, which means eliminating Hamas’s military and governing capabilities, and releasing our hostages. This victory will be achieved.”
In an apparent attempt to ease tensions with Mr Netanyahu, Mr Gallant attacked the leak from what had been a closed-door meeting. Mr Gallant posted on social media: “One of the main vulnerabilities revealed in the war, against which we must act with full force, are the incessant leaks from sensitive and classified meetings,” he said. “During a security briefing I gave today to the Foreign Affairs and Defense Committee, I emphasized I was determined to achieve the war’s goals and continue fighting until Hamas is dismantled and the hostages are returned,” he said. It has been reported recently that the rifts between the two men are so great Mr Netanyahu is considering firing Mr Gallant. However the New York Times reports that this is not currently on the agenda.
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AFP
Wednesday August 21 2024 US Secretary of State, Anthony Blinken met with Israeli PM Benjamin Netanyahu on Monday, saying Israeli Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu had agreed to an American "bridging proposal" for a ceasefire deal in Gaza. It is now up to Hamas to agree, Mr Blinken added.
The pair met in Tel Aviv for talks that Mr Netanyahu has described as "positive", with his office adding that he had reiterated his commitment to an American proposal on the release of the hostages still held by Hamas, which took into account Israel’s security needs.
Update, next day
Hamas is expected to reject the ceasefire deal with Israel proposed by the US, as the families of hostages held in Gaza have reportedly been sent threatening messages from the phones of their loved ones. Hamas leader Yahya Sinwar has received the proposals, but Israeli media reports that Jerusalem expects him to stick to the Hamas line and turn the truce down.
It comes amid reports that Hamas has threatened to kill the hostages unless their families “fight the government,” and has demanded ransoms for their safety. Some of the messages read: “If you don’t fight the government, you won’t see your loved ones return,” Channel 12 reports.
Israel’s intelligence services have warned the threats either come from Hamas or Iranian sources.
Israel’s prime minister, Benjamin Netanyahu, has also cast doubt on the prospect of a truce with Hamas as he met the grieving families of six hostages whose bodies were retrieved from Gaza by the Israeli military.
After speaking with US Secretary of State Antony Blinken on Monday, Mr Netanyahu stressed to victims groups that he would not budge on red lines, particularly Israel’s control over the Philadelphi Corridor between Gaza and Egypt. “I am not sure that there will be a [hostage] deal,” Mr Netanyahu said according to a statement put out by victims groups. “If there is a deal, it will be one that safeguards those [Israeli] interests which I have repeatedly stressed, which is preserving Israel’s strategic assets,” he said.
Earlier, the Israeli Defence Forces recovered the hostages’ bodies from Gaza’s southern area of Khan Younis. Following intelligence and forensic analysis, the families of the dead hostages had been informed, the military said, without giving details of the operation in Khan Younis.
The recovery of the bodies, in a joint operation between the army and the internal security agency Shin Bet, provided the hostages’ families “with necessary closure and grants eternal rest to the murdered”, the Hostages and Missing Families Forum said. The campaign group called on the Israeli government to ensure that the remaining hostages were also returned to Israel in a negotiated deal.
Mediators Egypt, Qatar and the US are urging Israel and Hamas to agree a ceasefire deal that would help secure the release of remaining hostages in exchange for Palestinian prisoners held in Israeli jails. The hostages were Yagev Buchshtab, Alexander Dancyg, Yoram Metzger, Nadav Popplewell, Chaim Perry, previously announced dead, and Avraham Munder, whose kibbutz of Nir Oz near Gaza announced his death earlier on Tuesday.
Among the six bodies released, Metzger, Perry and Dancyg also hailed from Nir Oz, a community near Gaza that was particularly hard hit by the October 7 attack by Hamas on southern Israel. Palestinian militants abducted Munder, his wife, daughter and grandson that day. The other family members were released during the single, week-long truce of the war last November, while his son was killed on the day of the attack. Of 251 people taken hostage that day, 105 are still being held hostage inside the Gaza Strip, including 34 the military says are dead.
Israel’s retaliatory military campaign has killed 40,173 Palestinians in Gaza, according to the Hamas-run territory’s health ministry, which does not give details of civilian and militant deaths. Most of the dead in Gaza are women and children according to the UN.
Hopes for a negotiated truce rose slightly on Monday when Israeli Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu publicly endorsed a US “bridging proposal” to finalise a hostage deal with Hamas, as the militants took responsibility for a failed suicide attack in Tel Aviv.
After a three-hour meeting with US Secretary of State Antony Blinken in Jerusalem, Mr Netanyahu released a statement backing the proposal for a ceasefire that was presented to Israel and conveyed to Hamas at the end of talks in Doha last week. It was the first time Mr Netanyahu had publicly supported the proposal. “The Prime Minister reiterated Israel’s commitment to the current American proposal on the release of our hostages, which takes into account Israel’s security needs, which he strongly insists on,” the Prime Minister’s Office said.
Mr Blinken earlier announced that Israel had accepted the truce proposal and pressured Hamas to do the same, having earlier said the talks may be the “last opportunity” for a ceasefire. “He supports it. It’s now incumbent on Hamas to do the same,” Mr Blinken said in Tel Aviv on his ninth visit to the Middle East since October 7.
Hamas has rejected the proposal and, referring to a bombing attempt in Tel Aviv on Sunday as a “martyrdom operation” – a term for a suicide attack – said more such attacks would come as long as the war continued. A Palestinian was killed by a powerful explosion when a bomb the person was carrying went off.
Washington put forward the proposal last week after the most recent round of talks in Qatar.
The terrorist group on Sunday said the bridging proposal “responds to Netanyahu’s conditions” and leaves him “fully responsible for thwarting the efforts of the mediators”.
Mr Blinken visited Egypt and Qatar before returning to the US on Wednesday.
Click here for recent news on Iran in May 2024
Earlier News
- Close of Lebanese war, August 14 2006
- PLO Interior Minister resigns in Gaza City, May 14 2007
- Annapolis Maryland Peace Conference, November 29 2007
- Iraq Iran truce in Tehran, June 14 2008
- Markets Spin in New York, October 1 2008
- Israel hammers Gaza, December 28 2008
- Fault lines in Netanyahu's fractious alliance, April 6 2009
- Washington jitters, July 29 2009
- Israel agrees to settlement moratorium, November 27 2009
- Israel 'wrecks' peace talks, March 12 2010
- Gaza naval raid, June 1 2010
- Peace or War on settlements, September 20 2010
- Arab "spring", January 29 2011
- Golan Heights confrontations, June 7 2011
- West Bank recognition at UN, September 17 2011
- Iran fires missile near Hormuz in Persian Gulf, January 2 2012
- Iran's nuclear facilities, February 28 2012
- Damascus bomb attack, July 19 2012
- Israel prepares for War with Iran, September 18 2012
- Hamas leader assassination, November 15 2012
- Netanyahu election victory, January 23 2013
- Syria's civil war, June 1 2013
- Western action in Syria, August 28 2013
- Bethlehem separation barrier, December 26 2013
- Gaza offensive, June 21 2014
- State land announced at Gush Etzion Bethlehem, September 2 2014
- Ehud Olmert jail sentence, May 26 2015
- Netanyahu announces Golan Heights is Israel's, April 19 2016
- Jordan thanks Trump (for tempering Temple Mount crisis), July 28 2017
- Israel strikes Syria, April 10 2018
- Israel election, April 7 2019
- Trump's Peace Plan, January 28 2020
- Israel election, March 23 2021
- East Jerusalem clashes, May 11 2021
- West Bank aid offer, February 9 2022
- Israel election, November 1 2022
- Protests in Israel and Backdown by Netanyahu, June 30 2023
- includes Attack by Gaza October 7 2023
- War in Gaza January 10 2024
** End of article