Daimon and Daimonion in the Greek Old Testament

Daimon, from Daio in Greek literally means "to distribute fortunes"

Daimon is only used once in the Greek Old Testament Septuagint, when translating the word Gad in Isaiah 65:11. It refers to the increase in personal substance, in personal fortune.

But first, the original naming of the man who formed the tribe of Gad, by Leah when he was born.

Genesis 30:11
And Leah said, A troop (gad) comes: and she called his name Gad.

  1. Gad was translated as τύχῃ or "Tyche", the goddess of fortune in the Septuagint. The word was perhaps originally pronounced as Chew-kee, but is today pronounced most commonly as Tie-kee.
  2. Gad was translated as "Felicity" or fortune in the Latin Vulgate.
  3. Gad was translated as Troop or Military group in King James English. "And Leah said, A troop comes: and she called his name Gad".
Next in Genesis 49:19 Jacob prophesies over Gad "Gad, gadud (a troop) ya-gud-en-nu (shall tramp upon him) wa-hu (but he) ya-gud (shall triumph) akeb (at their heels - at the end)". Now, here is the passage in Isaiah, a word of condemnation to unbelieving Israel Isaiah 65:11 But you are they that forsake the LORD, that forget my holy mountain, that prepare a table for that troop, for those demons (Gad in Hebrew, Daimoni in Greek) and that furnish the drink offering (mingled wine) to numbers (Meni in Hebrew, Tyche in Greek). Click here for all references in the Greek New Testament, as well as a reference to Isaiah 65:11. Verses Below Isaiah 65:11 (Gad) Matthew 8:31 (plural) Mark 5:12 (plural) Luke 8:29
Revelation 18:2 (plural) Babylon fallen dwelling place of demons Daimonion, a diminutive form of Daimon, used frequently to translate demons in the New Testament, is used in the following passages in the Septuagint Old Testament.
  1. Deuteronomy 32:15-17 But Jeshurun, the upright "righteous" little nation - Israel, grew fat, and kicked: then forsook God which made him and lightly esteemed the Rock of his salvation. They provoked him to jealousy with strange (gods), with disgusting things they provoked him to anger. They sacrificed to demons (shed - shade in Hebrew, Daimonion in Greek) not to God (eloha), to gods (elohim) who they knew not, to new (gods) newly come up near. Of the Rock that birthed you, you have forgotten, you have forgotten God (el) that formed you. And when the LORD (Jehovah) saw it, he abhorred (despised) them, because of the provoking of his sons, and of his daughters. And he said, I will hide my face from them, I will see what their end shall be: for they are a very froward (from-ward, perverse) generation, children in whom is no faith. For a fire is kindled in my anger, and shall burn to the lowest hell (sheol) and shall consume the earth with her increase (fruit) and set on fire the foundations of the mountains. ... But I feared (shrank from) the taunt of the enemy, their adversaries who might misunderstand and say, “Our own power has triumphed! The LORD (Jehovah) had nothing to do with this!”’ ... How should one chase a thousand, and two put ten thousand to flight, except their Rock had sold them, and the LORD had shut them up? But the rock of our enemies is not like our Rock, as even they recognize (they can judge). Their vine grows from the vine of Sodom ... ‘Is this not laid up in store with Me, sealed up among My treasures? Vengeance is Mine, and recompense. Their foot shall slip in due time. For the day of their calamity is at hand, and the things to come hasten upon them.’ For the LORD will judge His people And have compassion on His servants, .... “Rejoice you nations, with all his people, for he will avenge the blood of his servants, and he will take revenge against his enemies, and cleanse (atone, cover) the land (and) to his people.” Deu 32:44 So Moses came and recited all the words of this song to the people.
  2. Psa 91:5-6 You shall not be afraid for the terror by night, nor for the arrow that flies by day, nor for the pestilence that walks in darkness, nor for the destruction that wastes (sud-shood in Hebrew, daimonion in Greek) at noonday.
  3. Ps 96:5 For all the gods (elohim) of the peoples are idols/worth nothing (eleel in Hebrew, daimonion - plural in Greek) but Jehovah made the heavens.
  4. Psalm 106:34-37 They did not destroy the peoples, concerning whom the LORD had commanded them, but they mingled with the Gentiles (goy in Hebrew) and learned their works. They served their idols, carved images (asab in Hebrew) which became a snare to them. They even sacrificed their sons and their daughters to demons (shed - shade in Hebrew, daimonion in Greek) and shed innocent blood, the blood of their sons and daughters, whom they sacrificed to the idols of Canaan and the land was polluted with blood.
  5. Isaiah 13:19-21 And Babylon, the glory of kingdoms, the beauty of the Chaldeans’ pride, will be as when God overthrew Sodom and Gomorrah. It will never be inhabited, nor will it be settled from generation to generation, nor will the Arabian pitch tents there, nor will the shepherds make their sheepfolds there, but wild beasts of the desert will lie there, and their houses will be full of owls, ostriches will dwell there, and wild goats (daimonions) will caper there.
  6. Isaiah 34:14 A similar verse regarding the wild goat (daimonions). Note that in the KJV in Isaiah 13:21 and in Isaiah 34:14, it was translated into English as Satyrs (sa-tuhs). Satyr is a Greek/Latin word for a man-like being with a goat's legs and tail, sometimes pictured with a perpetual erection depicting lecherousness. In Hebrew the word for Goat, Wild Goat, or Hairy (Esau), is saw-eer. In Leviticus 17:7 the verse is translated in the KJV as "they (the people of Israel) shall no more sacrifice to devils (hairy goats) after whom they've been unfaithful (prostituted themselves)" also in 2 Chronicles 11:15 which is translated as "he (Jeroboam) in Northern Israel ordained him priests for the high places, and for the devils (hairy goats), and for the calves which he had made".

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